The stability in Medicaid and CHIP can be directly attributed to the short-term fiscal relief and the federal requirements that states maintain their eligibility rules and enrollment procedures until broader health reform is implemented. If the stability provisions are rescinded, states could eliminate Medicaid for anyone who is covered at state option, as well as cut eligibility, shut down enrollment or even entirely abolish its CHIP program. This issue brief describes the Medicaid and CHIP stability protections, identifies who is most at risk of losing coverage if the protections are weakened or eliminated, and discusses the policy implications.